AMC MCQ TOPICS -PANCYTOPAENIA

Pancytopenia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of all three types of blood cells: red blood cells (anaemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). The symptoms and features of pancytopenia can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some of the common features of pancytopenia include: MCQ STEM MAY INCLUDE Fatigue and weakness: Pancytopenia can lead to a decrease in the number of red blood cells, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Increased susceptibility to infections: The low number of white blood cells can make the body more susceptible to infections and may lead to recurrent infections. Easy bruising and bleeding: A low number of platelets can cause easy bruising, bleeding gums, and prolonged bleeding from minor cuts or injuries. Pale skin: Anaemia can cause the skin to become pale or yellowish. Enlarged liver or spleen: Some underlying causes of pancytopenia, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can cause an enlarged liver or spleen. Bone pain: Certain types of leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can cause bone pain or joint pain. Petechiae: Small red or purple spots on the skin due to bleeding into the skin.

 SPINAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY -MCQS

RED FLAGS SIGNS OF SPINAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY INCLUDES

1.Hypotonia.
2.No head control.
3.Absent reflexes.
4.Tounge fasciculation.
5.Cognitive impairment.

ANSWERS
1.TRUE-Profound hypotonia
2.TRUE-Little or no head control
3.TRUE-Absent ,reduced or asymmetric moro reflex and deep tendon reflexes
4.TRUE-feeding difficulty, recurrent respiratory tract infections.
5.FALSE-Normal cognitive development(baby is happy and bright but lazy!)

DRUG INDUCED THYROIDITIS

 

DRUG INDUCED THYROIDITIS-MCQS

 

1.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with thyroid dysfunction.

2.Alemtuzumab(Lemtrada) is associated with thyroid dysfunction.

3.Immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with thyroid dysfunction.

4.Amiodarone contains about 68% by weight of iodine.

5.Lithium associated thyroid dysfunction is commonly seen few weeks after commencing treatment.

 

 

ANSWERS

1.    TRUE-

2.    TRUE-used to treat multiple sclerosis

3.    TRUE-are monoclonal antibodies

4.    TRUE

5.    FALSE-generally occurring after 8-12 months of treatment.

EUTHYROID HYPERTHYROXINAEMIA

 EUTHYROID HYPETHYROXINAEMIA-MCQ

1. Seen in amiodarone associated thyroid dysfunction.
2. Total T3 and /or T4 may be elevated
3. fT4/fT3 levels are normal.
4. TSH levels are normal
5. In clinical practice the commonest cause is due to a congenital or acquired alteration in thyroid binding proteins.


ANSWERS
1. TRUE-other associated dysfunctions include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
2. TRUE-
3. TRUE-
4. TRUE-today serum TSH is a screening test for thyroid function, and a normal TSH value should not be followed by measurement of total T4.
5. TRUE-Thyroxine binding globulin(TBG),Thyroxine binding pre-albumin(TBPA) and Albumin.

HASHIMOTOS THYROIDITIS(CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS)

 HASHIMOTOS THYROIDITIS-MCQS

1. Recurrent postpartum thyroiditis is common in subsequent pregnancies
2. The initial hyperthyroid phase can easily be missed clinically.
3. Hypothyroid state is more commonly seen in clinical practice
4. Hypothyroidism is usually insidious in onset and may be progressing over years.
5. Is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine insufficient areas of the world

ANSWERS
1. TURE-more than 75%
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE-Need monitoring
5. TRUE-

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION -MCQS

1.May be a marker for asymptomatic cardiovascular disease.
2.Is a strong independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
3.Not commonly coexists with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
4.Most erectile dysfunction has an organic cause.
5.Recreational drug use is considered as a risk factor.


ANSWERS
1.TRUE-Particularly in younger individuals.
2.TRUE-prevelence and association with vascular disease is well recognised.
3.FALSE-commonly coexists with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
4.TRUE-about 80%
5.TRUE-Other risk factors includes -sedentary life style, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea, smoking ,diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia ,thyroid disorders, medications etc.
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SUBCLINICAL HYPERTHYROIDISM-MCQs

 

1.Suppression of serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and normal fT4 and fT4 levels

2. The outcome could be progression to overt hyperthyroidism or revert to euthyroidism.

3. Hyperthyroidism confers an increased risk of overall mortality

4.If exposed to excess iodine may precipitate overt hyperthyroidism

5. Treatment is indicated in all individuals over 55 years of age.

 

Answers

 

1.TRUE-in older population underline multinodular goitre needs to be considered.

2.TRUE-spontaneous reversal to euthyroidism has been reported.

3.TRUE-cardiovacular mortality around 30% and increased risk of fracture.

4.TRUE-this could even be IV contrast or iodine containing supplements

5.FALSE-above 65years , patients with heart disease, osteoporosis, high cardiovascular risk level and post- menopausal women